使用 `curl` 和 `jq` 测试 RESTful API - `jq` 基础

CLI, Productivity
A json file for testingview raw
1
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jq 基础用法

在 这里 查看 jq 的完整手册

使用 jq 格式化 json

1
$ echo '{"key": "value"}' | jq

以上命令 echo 命令打印字符串 {"key": "value"} 到控制台, 管道符 (pipeline) | 将前面的命令的输出作为后面 jq 的输入, jq 会格式化该字符串;

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$ cat /tmp/test.json | jq

以上命令将文件 /tmp/test.json 的内容打印到控制台, 管道符 (pipeline) | 将前面的命令的输出作为后面 jq 的输入, 因此该命令是将文件 /tmp/test.json 内的字符串作为 jq 命令的输入, 来运行 jq 命令;

使用 jq 格式化 json 文件也可以使用以下用法:

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$ jq . /tmp/test.json

其中 . 是 jq 的一种过滤器, 表示把格式化后的 json 原样打印出来, 更多的过滤器参见后文;

格式化后的 test-formatted.jsonview raw
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{
  "status": 200,
  "errorMsg": "Operation OK!",
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      "active": 1,
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      "thumbnail": "http://upload.groupy.vip/video_thumbnail/2068135D-3AC8-4BB7-B982-48176A42DED2.jpg",
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        "rankingType": 1,
        "position": 1,
        "goal": "ランキング上位1名のアイドル",
        "img": "http://image.groupy.vip/acticity_banner/activity-maimeng.jpg",
        "tag": "Groupyx麦萌",
        "actionInfo": "http://activity.groupy.cn/maimeng/index.html?activityId=1026",
        "shareLink": "http://share.groupy.cn/html/activity_maimeng/index.html?activityId=1026",
        "shareTitle": "【#Groupyx麦萌コラボ 】",
        "shareDesc": "上位1名は中国最大級アフレコアプリ「麦萌対手戏」に声で出演！応援しよう！",
        "startTime": 1506787201000,
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        "type": 2,
        "state": "inProgress",
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        "levelPlatform": 0,
        "dateOfBirth": 776962800000,
        "bloodType": "Unknown",
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        "followedIdol": false
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      "activity": {
        "id": 1027,
        "title": "Groupy官方采访权争夺战",
        "description": "Groupy官方采访权争夺战盛大开启！应援你的小偶像登上Like数排名TOP1，让更多人Get她的萌点吧~~~\r\n",
        "rankingType": 1,
        "position": 1,
        "goal": "获得Like数TOP1",
        "img": "http://image.groupy.vip/acticity_banner/activity-interview.png",
        "tag": "Groupy独家采访",
        "actionInfo": "http://activity.groupy.cn/interview/index.html?activityId=1027",
        "shareLink": "http://share.groupy.cn/html/activity_interview/index.html?activityId=1027",
        "shareTitle": "【#Groupy独家采访#】",
        "shareDesc": "我家小偶像正在参加GroupyAPP的官方采访权争夺战，发了很多有趣视频，请大家多多支持！#Groupy#",
        "startTime": 1506787201000,
        "endTime": 1522511999000,
        "type": 2,
        "state": "inProgress",
        "rankingList": [],
        "isActivityEnded": false
      },
      "activityTag": "Groupy独家采访",
      "featureMask": 0,
      "videoItemList": [
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          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 996751
        },
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          "resolution": "hd",
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        },
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          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-ld/f455f5d01da148f095af77382e292364/BEA0FDCC-60EA-42C5-BB26-E59EB533C6EB.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        },
        {
          "id": 4107,
          "videoId": 10217,
          "resolution": "hd",
          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-hd/f455f5d01da148f095af77382e292364/BEA0FDCC-60EA-42C5-BB26-E59EB533C6EB.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        },
        {
          "id": 4108,
          "videoId": 10217,
          "resolution": "sd",
          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-sd/f455f5d01da148f095af77382e292364/BEA0FDCC-60EA-42C5-BB26-E59EB533C6EB.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        }
      ],
      "postList": [],
      "readCount": 0,
      "popularity": 0,
      "gcoin": 0,
      "postCount": 0,
      "giftCount": 0,
      "idol": {
        "id": 158,
        "userType": "idol",
        "gender": "unknown",
        "nickname": "妈妈说名字长一点可以看到一般人看不到的bug😁g",
        "avatar": "http://upload.groupy.vip/avatar/F7357D2B-C304-43EB-9796-9824B3E14E2A.jpg",
        "sign": "",
        "introduce": "",
        "imgs": "",
        "levelPlatform": 0,
        "dateOfBirth": 776962800000,
        "bloodType": "Unknown",
        "organizationId": 3,
        "fansNums": 0,
        "followedIdol": false
      },
      "videoGifts": []
    },
    {
      "id": 10216,
      "idolId": 158,
      "activityId": 0,
      "active": 1,
      "title": "参加",
      "introduce": " ",
      "firstFrame": "http://videodebugoutput.oss-cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.com/Act-Snapshot/5781f5ff83de40b981f90fbb299ba72b/1000.jpg",
      "thumbnail": "http://upload.groupy.vip/video_thumbnail/67F05E3B-EC1A-41E1-8DC2-11D924C16038.jpg",
      "thumbnailWidth": 272,
      "thumbnailHeight": 480,
      "videoWidth": 272,
      "videoHeight": 480,
      "publicType": 0,
      "duration": 10,
      "publishTime": 1521107209000,
      "featureMask": 0,
      "videoItemList": [
        {
          "id": 4103,
          "videoId": 10216,
          "resolution": "ld",
          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-ld/5781f5ff83de40b981f90fbb299ba72b/2581A732-12C4-48C7-BB71-723F98C0D7C3.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        },
        {
          "id": 4104,
          "videoId": 10216,
          "resolution": "hd",
          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-hd/5781f5ff83de40b981f90fbb299ba72b/2581A732-12C4-48C7-BB71-723F98C0D7C3.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        },
        {
          "id": 4105,
          "videoId": 10216,
          "resolution": "sd",
          "url": "http://videodebug.groupy.vip/Act-ss-mp4-sd/5781f5ff83de40b981f90fbb299ba72b/2581A732-12C4-48C7-BB71-723F98C0D7C3.mp4",
          "width": 272,
          "height": 480,
          "fps": 25,
          "duration": 10,
          "filesize": 808752
        }
      ],
      "postList": [],
      "readCount": 0,
      "popularity": 0,
      "gcoin": 0,
      "postCount": 0,
      "giftCount": 0,
      "idol": {
        "id": 158,
        "userType": "idol",
        "gender": "unknown",
        "nickname": "妈妈说名字长一点可以看到一般人看不到的bug😁g",
        "avatar": "http://upload.groupy.vip/avatar/F7357D2B-C304-43EB-9796-9824B3E14E2A.jpg",
        "sign": "",
        "introduce": "",
        "imgs": "",
        "levelPlatform": 0,
        "dateOfBirth": 776962800000,
        "bloodType": "Unknown",
        "organizationId": 3,
        "fansNums": 0,
        "followedIdol": false
      },
      "videoGifts": []
    }
  ]
}

使用 jq 过滤器

如果想对 json 字符串进行操作, 可以使用 jq 的过滤器;

提取 keys

在做网络爬虫和对接第三方 API 的时候, 经常需要对第三方的 API 返回结果建立对应的 Java Bean, 其中最无聊的操作就是一个一个复制第三方 API 返回的 json 的所有 key , 作为 Java Bean 的字段名, 使用 jq 的 keys 过滤器可以简化这个无聊的过程:

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$ jq 'keys' /tmp/test.json
[
  "data",
  "errorMsg",
  "status"
]

提取一个 key 值

jq 默认将原 json 字符串格式化并原样打印, 如果只对 json 中的一个字段的值感兴趣, 可以在 . 后加字段名, jq 将只打印该字段的值:

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$ jq '.status' /tmp/test.json
200

提取多个 key 值

如果想提取多个 key 值, 可以使用逗号分隔要提取的 key 名称:

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$ jq '.status, .errorMsg' /tmp/test.json

计算长度 length

有时候为了验证一个接口返回的数据数量是否与预期的一致, 如对于分页接口要验证返回每页数量是否与期望的一致, 可以使用 length 过滤器

  • 如果输入是 json 对象, length 过滤器将计算该对象的 key 数量:
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$ jq 'length' /tmp/test.json
3
  • 如果输入是 json array 数组, length 过滤器计算该数组的元素个数:
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$ jq '.data | length' /tmp/test.json
10

jq 的过滤器同样使用管道符 | 串联多个过滤器, 以上命令先抽取出 data 字段的值 (此处是一个数组), 然后将该值作为过滤器 length 的输入, 所以以上命令计算了 data 字段数组长度;

提取数组所有元素的 key 值

测试 json 文件中 data key 所对应的值是一个 video 对象的数组, 为了提取所有 video 的 title 字段, 可以将 “提取 key 值” 的过滤器串联起来使用:

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$ jq '.data[] | .title' /tmp/test.json

以上命令中, .data 提取出 json 对象的 data 字段, 此时结果是一个 json array 数组, 由于 .key 这种过滤器是提取 json object 对象的 key 值的操作, 因此使用了 [] 将该数组拆分为一个一个的 json object 作为后面 .title 过滤器的输入;

对于连续的 key 值抽取, 可以不使用管道符, 直接串联过滤器, 所以以上命令和以下命令等价:

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$ jq '.data[].title' /tmp/test.json

为了弄清 [] 的用法, 可以分别执行 jq .data /tmp/test.json 和 jq .data[] /tmp/test.json 对比输出结果

以上的命令输出了所有 video 的 title 字段值:

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"可以"
"参加了喔"
"😂"
"hi"
"冷漠"
"页"
"哈哈"
"来了"
"2"
"参加"

使用 jq 函数

对于以上的 test.json 文件, 过滤器 .data[].publishTime 提取出所有视频的发布时间, 但该时间是一个 unix 时间戳, 不方便人阅读, 使用 todate 函数可以将时间戳转换成时间字符串:

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$ jq '.data[].publishTime | todate' /tmp/test.json
"50130-09-04T00:33:20Z"
"50171-12-11T00:30:00Z"
"50171-12-13T18:20:00Z"
"50143-09-17T18:30:00Z"
"50172-02-02T16:16:40Z"
"50171-12-23T18:36:40Z"
"50171-12-22T21:46:40Z"
"50171-12-22T05:06:40Z"
"50171-12-20T22:50:00Z"
"50171-12-20T12:16:40Z"

看到转换后的时间年份非常大, 这是因为 publishTime 字段是精确到毫秒的时间戳, 而 todate 函数是把它当作精确到秒的时间戳来转换的, 为了纠正该错误, 可以使用 jq 的四则运算:

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$ jq '.data[].publishTime / 1000 | todate' /tmp/test.json
"2018-02-28T07:48:02Z"
"2018-03-15T09:33:09Z"
"2018-03-15T09:37:06Z"
"2018-03-05T02:04:57Z"
"2018-03-15T10:50:25Z"
"2018-03-15T09:51:31Z"
"2018-03-15T09:50:16Z"
"2018-03-15T09:49:16Z"
"2018-03-15T09:47:27Z"
"2018-03-15T09:46:49Z"

以上 / 1000 将 publishTime 除以 1000 转换成秒后, 再进行 todate 转换;